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Muslim Civil Law
The law of inheritance
Narrated Hadrat ‘Abdallah ibn ‘Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him): Prophet Muhammad (may Allah’s blessings and peace be upon him) said, “Give the Fara'id (the shares of the inheritance that are prescribed in the Qur’an, 4:11, 4:12, 4:176) to those who are entitled to receive it. Then whatever remains, should be given to the closest male relative of the deceased.” (al-Bukhari)
Narrated Hadrat Usama bin Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him): Prophet Muhammad (may Allah’s blessings and peace be upon him) said, “A Muslim cannot be the heir of a disbeliever, nor can a disbeliever be the heir of a Muslim.” (al-Bukhari)
Narrated Hadrat ‘Abdallah ibn ‘Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) regarding the Qur’anic Verse:-
O you who believe! It is not lawful for you to inherit the women (of your deceased kinsmen) by force. (4:19)
The custom (in the Pre-Islamic Period) was that if a man died, his relatives used to have the right to inherit his wife, and if one of them wished, he could marry her, or they could marry her to somebody else, or prevent her from marrying if they wished, for they had more right in this matter than her own relatives. Therefore this Verse was revealed concerning this. (al-Bukhari)
Foster relations are treated like blood relations
Narrated Hadrat ‘Abdallah ibn ‘Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him): Prophet Muhammad (may Allah’s blessings and peace be upon him) said about Sayyidina Hamza’s daughter, “I am not legally permitted to marry her, as foster relations are treated like blood relations (in marital affairs). She is the daughter of my foster brother.” (al-Bukhari)
Consent to marriage
Narrated mother of faithful believers Sayyidatina ‘Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her): I asked the Prophet (may Allah’s blessings and peace be upon him), “O Allah's Messenger! Should the women be asked for their consent to their marriage?” He said, “Yes.” I said, “A virgin, if asked, feels shy and keeps quiet.” He said, “Her silence means her consent.” (al-Bukhari)